“ACTIVITY PROFILE BETWEEN WINNERS AND LOSERS IN MALE SILAT OLAHRAGA CLASS C SEA GAMES 2015”
ABSTRACT
The
purpose of this study is to describe the detailed about activity profile
between winner and loser in male silat olahraga class C Sea Games 2015. Using
video recording of 4 matches’ during Sea Games 2015 silat olahraga was notated
to identify 14 different types of action as well as the start and end of the
action periods. The activity profile between winner and loser will analyse
using descriptive analysis. The notational analysis was used to record all the
outcomes between the entire exponents such as hit target, hit elsewhere and
miss opponent indicators. The analysis can be seen in the table provided. The
data showed that Vietnam more conquer for 3 matches as it have higher tactical
skill during matches. The outcomes of this study would be useful and give a
benefit in development specific training programmed to improve more tactical
skill in future matches.
.INTRODUCTION
Pencak Silat is another martial art stemming from Malaysia and
Indonesia heritage. It translates to “fighting by many techniques of self-defence”
and has four main components which are mental spirit, art and culture, self-defence
and sport. Pencak and Silat have the same meanings and are integral parts of
the culture of the Malay ethnic group, who are the native inhabitants in
Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei Darussalam. Pencak Silat brings to
light very different subjectivities, inter-subjectivities, and ways of
objectifying the body in regional- and national-level practice (Wilson, 2009).
Sport of silat consists two categories
which are artistic and contact (Aziz, Tan, & Teh,
2002). Each match consists of three rounds of
two minutes with each one minute’s interval between rounds. point are awarded
for toppling an opponent, successful defensive blocks and offensive punches and
kick to the chest, abdomen and flanks, leg sweeps and throws (International
Pencak Silat Federation, 1999). in Silat Olahraga (contact), the motion can be
characterized into 13 different of motion such as fake kick, fake punch, block
and sweep, block and kick, block and punch, self-release, dodge, sweep, topple,
catch, block, kick and punch (Mohamed Shapie,
Oliver, O’donoghue, & Tong, 2013).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Male group from class C is the team that are selected to be a sample
for this analysis. The data analysis has been collected from 28th
Sea Games Singapore. The first male match was a quarter-final and final of men
tanding class C of the 60kg weight category between Vietnam and Singapore. The
second male match was a between Thailand and Vietnam. Third video match is
between Laos and Vietnam and the last match is between Laos and Philippines.
The sources of match were from YouTube. The system was used to carry
out 14 different types of player motion performed as well as the start and end
of the actions periods. Silat exponent motion was subjectively categorized
based on Shapie M.N.M. et al (2013) for silat competition. The outcome from the
motion analysis is hit target, hit elsewhere and miss opponent.
Motion categories
According to (Mohamed Shapie et al., 2013), Silat exponent’s motions were coded into 14 different types of
categories and were defined as follows:
·
Punch:
The punch ‘tumbuk’ attack is done by
a hand with a clos -ed fist hitting the target. In silat punching is often used
to fightthe opponent. It can be a straight punch ‘tumbuk lurus’ oruppercut
‘sauk’ to the exponent body’s (Mohamed Shapie et al., 2013).
·
Kick:
The kick ‘tendang / terajang’ is an
attacking movement which is performed with one leg or two legs simultaneously.
A kick can be aimed at any target. It can be front kick ‘tendang depan’,
side-kick ‘depak’ or semi-circular side kick ‘tendang lengkar’ (Mohamed Shapie et al., 2013).
·
Block:
The blocking movements begin with
the posture position ‘sikap pasang’: the exponent stands straight with his
hands around his body or close to his chest. Blocking or parrying ‘tangkisan’
can be done using arms, elbows and legs with the purpose to block off or striking
back at any attack (Mohamed Shapie et al., 2013).
·
Catch:
The catch ‘tangkapan’ is done by
using the hand to obstruct the opponent from carrying out an attack. The silat
exponent is able to prevent himself from being attacked by pointing the attack
which he has caught to another direction. A catch which twists or drags the
opponent is forbidden. Also, a catch which could break the part which is being
held such as the leg and waist is also
forbidden. These regulations exist to protect the silat exponent’s (Mohamed Shapie et al., 2013).
·
Topple:
There are various ways of toppling
down one’s opponent. For example, a silat exponent ‘pesilat’ can either push,
shove the opponent’s back leg from the bag or from the side, shove, hit, kick,
strike or punch to make the opponent lose his balance. Every fall is considered
valid as long as the silat exponent topples his opponent down without wrestling
or he is able to overpower the opponent whom he has brought down (Mohamed Shapie et al., 2013).
·
Sweep:
Swiping ‘sapuan’ involves attacking
an opponent’s leg which is on the ground to unstabilise him and bring down to
the ground. A silat exponent can perform this attacking movement either with
his right or left leg, Hence, front sweep ‘sapuan depan’ is done by swinging
the leg to the front to push an opponent’s front leg, while back sweep ‘sapuan
belakang’ is carried out by swinging the leg backward to hit the back leg (Mohamed Shapie et al., 2013).
·
Dodge:
The evade ‘elakan’ technique is
carried out by silat exponent when he tries to evade an attack. This technique
does not require the silat exponent to touch the opponent in fending off the
attack. They are many ways of carrying out his defensive movement such as
dodging ‘gelek’, retreat ‘mundur’, evasion to the side ‘elak sisi’, bending
‘elak serung’, jumping ‘lonjak’, ducking ‘susup’ and etc (Mohamed Shapie et al., 2013).
·
Self-Release:
Self-release ‘lepas tangkapan’ technique is a technique to unlock
any clinch or catch from an opponent (Mohamed Shapie et al., 2013).
·
Block and Punch:
The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from
the opponent and followed by counter attack using the hand to punch the
opponent (Mohamed Shapie et al., 2013).
·
Block and Kick:
The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from
the opponent and followed by counter attack using the leg to kick the opponent (Mohamed Shapie et al., 2013).
·
Block and Sweep:
The blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from
the opponent and followed by counter attack using sweeping technique to the
opponent (Mohamed Shapie et al., 2013).
·
Fake Punch:
An action which is silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent
using a fake punch to break his opponent’s defensive posture (Mohamed Shapie et al., 2013)
·
Fake Kick:
An action which is silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent
using a fake kick to break his opponent defensive posture (Mohamed Shapie et al., 2013)
·
Others:
Both silat exponents are either in posture position ‘sikap pasang’
and coming close to each other using silat step pattern ‘pola langkah’. All the
activities are considered high intensity except for others which at that time
both silat exponents are in low intensity periods (Mohamed Shapie et al., 2013).
REALIBILITY
The author analysed all the activities and simultaneously classified
each change of motion in a single match. Two observations were done separated
by 48 hours. It requires experienced silat practitioners to analyse the data as
the movement of both exponents is fast, needing close inspection. The classification
of movement was subjective with work being classified according to the
instruction given by the referee.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
The observation of the data is collected and frequency counted. All
the raw data collected from the all matches use the system produce by Shapie at
al 2013 statistical analysis was conducted using (SPSS) Statistical package
social science version 21. A descriptive analysis was used to determine the
activity profile between the winner and loser in silat matches in male class C
in Sukan Sea 2015.
RESULT
Table 1, 4 and 7 shows the action performed by the contestant and
their outcomes in the match for 3 matches in male class C. Meanwhile table 2, 5
and 8 describe the frequency profile of actions for the 2 contestants. And last
one table 3, 6 and 9 show the calculation of the standard deviation and means
for all group has been analyse in this research. A descriptive analyse was used
to determine the activity profile between the winner and loser in matches in
male class C and it revealed there have a different in term of the action
outcomes between winner and loser.
TABLE 1: 1st MATCH: MEN’S QUARTER FINAL CLASS C 60 KG VIETNAM (RED)
VS SINGAPORE (BLUE)
Winner: Vietnam
Actions
|
Outcomes Indicators
|
|||||||
Vietnam (red)
|
Singapore (blue)
|
|||||||
Hit target
|
Miss opponent
|
Hit elsewhere
|
others
|
Hit target
|
Miss opponent
|
Hit elsewhere
|
Others
|
|
Punch
|
1
|
3
|
||||||
Kick
|
5
|
3
|
1
|
4
|
10
|
3
|
||
Block
|
2
|
2
|
1
|
2
|
||||
Catch
|
2
|
1
|
5
|
1
|
||||
Topple
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
2
|
||||
Sweep
|
5
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
||||
Dodge
|
2
|
1
|
||||||
Self-release
|
3
|
1
|
||||||
Block & punch
|
||||||||
Block & kick
|
3
|
|||||||
Block & sweep
|
||||||||
Fake punch
|
||||||||
Fake kick
|
||||||||
Total
|
24
|
8
|
1
|
17
|
19
|
19
|
3
|
17
|
Table
2: Frequency table
Exponent
|
Punch
|
Kick
|
Topple
|
Sweep
|
Total
|
Vietnam
|
1
|
9
|
2
|
6
|
18
|
Singapore
|
3
|
17
|
4
|
4
|
28
|
Total
|
4
|
26
|
6
|
10
|
46
|
Table 3: Calculation for Standard Deviation and Mean
GROUP STATISTICS
|
|||||
Group
|
N
|
Mean
|
Std. Deviation
|
Std. Error Mean
|
|
Score
|
Vietnam
|
3
|
6.00
|
1.414
|
1.000
|
Singapore
|
3
|
6.57
|
2.791
|
1.090
|
|
TABLE 4: 2nd MATCH: MEN’S CLASS C 60 KG LAOS (RED) VS VIETNAM (BLUE)
Winner: Vietnam
Actions
|
Outcomes Indicators
|
|||||||
Laos (red)
|
Vietnam (blue)
|
|||||||
Hit target
|
Miss opponent
|
Hit elsewhere
|
others
|
Hit target
|
Miss opponent
|
Hit elsewhere
|
Others
|
|
Punch
|
5
|
4
|
5
|
1
|
2
|
|||
Kick
|
4
|
7
|
12
|
8
|
1
|
3
|
||
Block
|
1
|
|||||||
Catch
|
3
|
1
|
||||||
Topple
|
1
|
4
|
||||||
Sweep
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
2
|
1
|
||
Dodge
|
||||||||
Self-release
|
||||||||
Block & punch
|
||||||||
Block & kick
|
3
|
1
|
||||||
Block & sweep
|
5
|
|||||||
Fake punch
|
3
|
4
|
2
|
3
|
||||
Fake kick
|
1
|
|||||||
Total
|
23
|
17
|
13
|
17
|
26
|
8
|
6
|
17
|
Table 5: Frequency table
Exponent
|
Punch
|
Kick
|
Topple
|
Sweep
|
Total
|
Laos
|
9
|
21
|
4
|
3
|
37
|
Vietnam
|
8
|
12
|
4
|
5
|
29
|
Total
|
17
|
33
|
8
|
8
|
66
|
Table 6: Calculation for Standard Deviation and Mean
GROUP STATISTICS
|
|||||
Group
|
N
|
Mean
|
Std. Deviation
|
Std. Error Mean
|
|
Score
|
Laos
|
3
|
2.03
|
0.833
|
0.137
|
Vietnam
|
3
|
2.21
|
1.048
|
0.195
|
|
TABLE 7: 3rd MATCH: MEN’S QUARTER FINAL CLASS C 60 KG LAOS (RED) VS
PHILIPPINES (BLUE)
Winner: Laos
Actions
|
Outcomes Indicators
|
|||||||
Laos (red)
|
Philippines (blue)
|
|||||||
Hit target
|
Miss opponent
|
Hit elsewhere
|
others
|
Hit target
|
Miss opponent
|
Hit elsewhere
|
Others
|
|
Punch
|
6
|
1
|
2
|
2
|
1
|
3
|
||
Kick
|
6
|
4
|
8
|
6
|
1
|
10
|
||
Block
|
4
|
1
|
4
|
5
|
5
|
2
|
||
Catch
|
8
|
3
|
5
|
6
|
6
|
|||
Topple
|
3
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
||
Sweep
|
2
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
||||
Dodge
|
2
|
4
|
2
|
1
|
||||
Self-release
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
|||||
Block & punch
|
2
|
|||||||
Block & kick
|
||||||||
Block & sweep
|
||||||||
Fake punch
|
2
|
4
|
1
|
1
|
||||
Fake kick
|
1
|
1
|
||||||
Total
|
34
|
14
|
17
|
10
|
25
|
20
|
25
|
10
|
Table 8: Frequency table
Exponent
|
Punch
|
Kick
|
Topple
|
Sweep
|
Total
|
Laos
|
9
|
18
|
6
|
4
|
37
|
Philippine
|
6
|
17
|
4
|
2
|
29
|
Total
|
15
|
35
|
10
|
6
|
66
|
Table 9: Calculation for
Standard Deviation and Mean
Group Statistics
|
|||||
Group
|
N
|
Mean
|
Std. Deviation
|
Std. Error Mean
|
|
Score
|
Laos
|
3
|
6.07
|
2.479
|
0.767
|
Philippines
|
3
|
6.20
|
2.368
|
0.706
|
|
DISCUSSION
The data collected from 28th SEA Games Singapore 2015, men match
class C Vietnam VS Thailand, class C Vietnam VS Singapore, class C Laos VS Philippine
and men class C class C VS Laos VS Vietnam has shown that the winner from
Vietnam make more action compare to the loser side base on total action
profile. But for the matches between Thailand and Vietnam, Thailand is
disqualified in round 3 because Thailand athletes harm Vietnam athletes and
cause an injury. Based on the result, it can conclude that the winning athlete
had on their best performance which is in attack and during defending
techniques. In this match, the Vietnamese athlete use both upper and lower body
part to make a movement and the athlete is really good in both at punching and
kicking than other techniques. The tactical used by Vietnamese silat’s athlete
is more on kicking and topple because they are focusing on getting point even
though some of round in the match they lose several points.
Most of the winner uses their tactic and
knows how to make self-defence very well from being attacked and always find
the chance to attack the opponent such as topple down which is the fighter use
their leg or hand to let the opponent falling down to the floor then after that
the fighter will get the point (Shapie,
M. N. M. & Elias, 2015). All pesilat had an equal level of confident,
technical and tactical is more important in order to ensure the success.
when see in frequency of table in the first
match between Vietnam (red) and Singapore (blue), the fighter from Vietnam got
higher score which is from 5 kick on the target he made, 2 blocking, 1 topple
and 5 sweep. For the second match Thailand made a different tactical with more
to punching with 7 times, 6 kicking on the target and 2 catch. In this match,
the athletes used punch more and kick. The third match is when Laos lose to
Vietnam because the athlete give a few chance to Vietnam’s athlete to attack
him. He prefers to defend himself and made him from attack the opponents.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it can conclude that every athlete has same fitness
level but the tactical and technique makes them different. The current study
has provided a great understanding of the information for the silat by looking
at the activity involved in competition. Both of the exponents performed more
high intensity actions than low intensity actions. From the video that have
been observed, what can conclude is that weakness of the loser athlete is they had
lack of speed and power on kicking, punching, topple down and sweep.
In Silat points are majorly contributed by
doing the high intensity actions rather than low intensity actions such as
kicking, punching and others. The frequency of attacking and defending also has
a range by the exponent. The loser kicks more than the winner but the kicking
target is off and not accurate to the points gain area. Although the winner
kick less than the loser, the accuracy of the kick is clear to the target
area. So that, this study can provide knowledge on collecting detailed
information in silat match to analysed the opponent or the athletes themselves
to make a proper training plan to win the matches in next future
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